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Richard McColl

~ Journalist-Author-Hotelier-Guide in Colombia

Richard McColl

Tag Archives: magdalena river

Magangue, Bolivar: Home to La Gata

14 Sunday Apr 2013

Posted by Richard in Journalism, Journeys, la Casa Amarilla

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alvaro uribe, billboard, bolivar, carlos castano, cartagena, casa amarilla, corozal, DEA, enilce lopez, enilse lopez romero, FARC, Gustavo Petro, house arrest in magangue, la depresion momposina, la gata, la mojana, la silla vacia, magangue, magdalena river, mompos, mompox, paramilitaries, port of magangue, salvatore mancuso, satena, travel to mompox

As the second largest economic centre in the department of Bolivar, Magangue is a bustling, chaotic, stifling and confusing city on the banks of the Magdalena River. Economically important for the fluvial connections into the wetlands of the Mojana and the Depresion Momposina, Magangue bears the traditional hallmarks of a port town.

The port of Magangue

The port of Magangue

I have passed through Magangue on many occasions en route to Mompos but have only had to stay the night twice. I did see a blog once where a traveller wishing to come to the Casa Amarilla had to stay the night and ended up here.

My room was cheap, small and functional, far different from the aforementioned. I did not want to be in Magangue but since Satena had unhelpfully changed their timetables for flights from Bogota to Corozal, there was no way I was going to make the connections via, air, collectivo, chalupa and then further collectivo to Mompos.

But, what I really wanted to mention was something that stopped me cold in my tracks as we hurtled towards Magangue in the journey from the airport. On the outskirts, there was a huge billboard claiming the innocence of the region’s most famous and still living capa (feminine of capo), La Gata or Enilse López Romero.

the Billboard proclaiming the innocence of Enilse Lopez

the Billboard proclaiming the innocence of Enilse Lopez

The billboard declares the innocence of Enilse Lopez of all accusations and makes the claim that Magangue, Cartagena and the department of Bolivar support her. The image pictured here is from the same billboard which appeared at the same time in the area of the Mercado de Bazurto in Cartagena. And recently in both Magangue and Cartagena there were marches in support of Lopez.

Born in the town of Naranjal in Sucre in 1953 there is some confusion as to how “La Gata” started out. Wikipedia (always a bastion of reliability) suggests that she read the tarot for some before moving into gambling and informal money lending. From here things become clearer and the magazine La Silla Vacia has her with increased financial interests through the region and indeed with strong links through friendship and business with the infamous  Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha ‘El Mexicano’.

Her husband and father were kidnapped by the FARC and her three brothers were killed by the guerrilla group. There are significant references to her connections to paramilitary leaders Salvatore Mancuso and Carlos Castaño.

zipping in to Magangue

zipping in to Magangue

Lopez donated 100 million pesos to Alvaro Uribe’s first presidential campaign.

Gustavo Petro, before he became Mayor of Bogota, revealed this fact.

There are claims that the Lopez family possesses some 65 properties and more than 150 bank accounts. In all truth the list of possible offenses purported to have been authorized or overseen by La Gata and her entourage runs incredibly long. There is just so much money, power and influence involved that La Gata just seems to keep on getting away with it all apart from the supposed order for the killing of a toll booth worker Amaury Fabián Ochoa in 2000 near to Carmen de Bolivar for his alleged links to the FARC.

This blog was never meant to turn out this way, perhaps draw some light for those travelers coming through Magangue to Mompos, so that they know a little about the contemporary history of the place and don’t just wistfully or whimsically pass on through on a backpacking jaunt.

Politics is bought here in Colombia, how an earth can someone who has been convicted, is under house arrest for 40 odd years command everything? Who oversees the march and the erection of the billboards in Cartagena and Magangue? Where is the rule of “legitimate” law?

March in support of La Gata in Magangue

March in support of La Gata in Magangue

For now Enilse Lopez is under house arrest in Magangue. Rumour has it she was looking for a safe house in Mompos. Other sources say that the DEA is possibly going to request her extradition to the USA. But, I suggest it to you that whatever order comes through, she’ll find a way to slip around it…most probably due to her widely reported health problems.

Magangue, Bolivar: Home to La Gata

Gamarra and the Press-Gang

09 Saturday Jun 2012

Posted by Richard in Journalism

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black magic in colombia, black magic witches in colombia, cesar colombia, colombia, conscription in colombia, conscripts, gamarra, joinin the army in colombia, magdalena river, military conscription, press gang in colombia, press-gang, travel in colombia

Seated around the plastic tables on a slightly raised section of patio our feet remained dry. Dona Alba served us our food, prepared hastily in the back, and then came  back to check on my father in law. His demeanor had changed instantly to one of contentment as we turned off the highway and started down the 12km track of rutted secondary road from Aguachica to get to Gamarra, his hometown.

I could tell immediately that his confidence increased and there was a certain amount of pride brimming that he should be returning here to Gamarra, albeit for a night, with his youngest daughter and her husband. Incidentally my wife had not visited this town in 24 years.

Not to speak ill of Gamarra (certainly not Gomorrah), but, one must recognize its place in the department of Cesar and indeed in Colombia. This is prime land for cultivation, rich in alluvial sediment, ideal for huge crops of African Palm, bananas, other inevitable cash crops and with large deposits of oil and gas beneath the earth’s crust. It is geographically important as well.

Gamarra is also situated on the banks of the Magdalena River, the mighty fluvial thoroughfare that served as the indigenous people’s highway in pre-Hispanic times, and for Bolivar on his mission to liberate northern South America, even deep into the Republican era the river played an important role. Now, river transport has ebbed and the towns that thrived along its banks have seen their affluence and importance wane.

Gamarra is more recognized for two things: the first being a major point for the transshipment of cocaine out of the region across the country. On one side we are in Cesar and on the other side of the river we are in Antioquia. There has been violence here in the past and given the number of soldiers and policemen stationed along this way, you can assume that there is still aggression.

And secondly, and much more folkloric, Gamarra is known for having the highest number of black magic witches in Colombia.

Herein lays one of the key issues for which my mother in law never wanted my wife to return to Gamarra to visit. Should one of the witches have spotted my wife, and taken offense at her beauty, they could have cast a spell. My mother in law believes this, as does my father in law and so my wife has grown up alongside such beliefs. I hasten not to call this superstition, because in my mind, if everyone is on board, then the energy of this belief coming from so many people has to count for something? No?

So, my father in law’s mood had changed. He was happy to show us his town. People knew him. Shop owners asked after his father (longtime resident now hospitalized in Bucaramanga), chairs were proffered in haste when we decided to enjoy a cold beer in the local tavern. Introductions were hastily made.

It was there as we sat enjoying the cool breeze that followed the rainstorm when the Colombian military swung into the main plaza. They pulled their truck up and parked across the road from us. Soldiers alighted and lined the corners dutifully.

Saturday night and most young men and boys in Gamarra were out on their waspish motorcycles, zipping from bar to bar, girlfriend riding pillion. And when they approached the plaza, they were all stopped.

Initially searched and then made to dismount, these boys were asked for their military service carnet. Some were able to show that they were in education, others had wormed out of mandatory conscription in some way or another, but a few had no paperwork.

Parents arrived with an alacrity unknown and unseen on any given day in a Colombian small town. Cell phones were out, signals jammed across the starry night sky as favours were called in and shady negotiations came into play. To a certain extent this was successful as some of the likely lads were then released from custody in the back of the military transport and permitted to go home.

Others weren’t so fortunate.

They had been press-ganged.

Immediately I recalled history lessons at school about drunk locals in port towns in England waking up on board ships bound for who knows where…but this practice is surely history now?

Talking to Dona Alba and others nearby, hushed of course so as not to attract attention, I was able to fathom that this happened relatively routinely in all towns and cities across the country. In fact I had seen this in the Candelaria in Bogota. The military would be sent out to check all documents for young men of a certain age and if the paperwork did not add up, then they were conscripted. Of course, bribes could be paid. In this particular region the going rate for paying your way out of military service would be in the region of $3,000,000.00 pesos (US$1,700).

You’ll admit this is a great deal of money for a low income rural family.

RIP Pablo’s Hippos

13 Friday Apr 2012

Posted by Richard in Journalism

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colombia, escobar, hacienda napoles, hippos in colombia, magdalena river, pablo escobar, pablo's hippos, pepe, pepe the hippo, puerto berrio, puerto triunfo, travelling on the Magdalena River

An astonishing and scarcely believable tale that reads as if plucked from the dense magic realism of Gabriel Garcia Marquez has become the content of urban myth and folklore, but, here we are to put the story straight, it’s all true.

The male and female fugitive hippos that escaped from Pablo Escobar’s former ranch Hacienda Napoles in Puerto Triunfo in August 2006 and their offspring born in the Colombian wilds have been hunted down, captured and one killed by Colombian bounty hunters.

Pepe, the 2000 kilo macho alpha was killed in June of 2009 not far from Puerto Berrío along the banks of the Magdalena River while public outrage in Colombia hit unprecedented new levels with record numbers signing on to voice their thoughts on the scandal on newspaper websites.

In order to fully understand this story we need to rewind a little and expose the bare facts. Prior to the notorious Cartel leader’s death on a rooftop in Medellin in 1993, Pablo “el papa de los pobres” Escobar, in a similar vein to many in his field of employment, lavished his dollars on outrageous and opulent spending sprees that were almost always of questionable taste.

One such spending spree resulted in his purchase and creation of the 8.4 sq mile Hacienda Napoles. Here, above the gates he placed the aircraft he used to smuggle cocaine into the US and within the compound he collected various exotic fauna such as giraffes, elephants, kangaroos and of course hippopotamuses.

13 years after his death, some of the animals had starved and died, others were adopted by zoos but the hippos had thrived becoming a family numbering 25, making this collection the largest wild grouping of the species outside of Africa.

By all accounts the fugitive hippos were thriving in the marshy environs of the Magdalena River, an area where the humidity is high and the temperature rarely dips beneath 32 degrees making it an ideal location for these animals. Only several months previous to these events I was covering this section of the Magdalena Medio and hoped to catch a glimpse of the creatures, luck was not on my side that day and it seems that I will no longer have the opportunity to see the incongruity of the hippo clan in central Colombia as plans were afoot to move them elsewhere.

The Government’s environment agency and local authorities pointed to problems of disease and destruction associated with the animals as their reasoning for the cull, a reasoning that did not sit well with a good quantity of locals and numerous Colombians.

Americamestiza on the El Espectador (www.elespectador.com) website said: “Pobre hipopotamo… un falso positivo…. el ejercito de colombia, como siempre.”

And Roberto Sanchez a fisherman from Puerto Berrío made the bold claim of having been within 20 meters of the beasts and not encountering any problems.

Given the mass outpouring of sympathy and growing bodies who demonstrated at the time outside the Governmental Environment Ministry’s offices in Bogota, new plans were hastily assembled. Offers came in from New York and Costa Rica but it was decided that, if finally captured, mother and child, would be moved to the zoo in Cali.

This would hopefully bring to an end another saga resulting from the late Pablo Escobar’s actions, and of course one not without its victim, Pepe another unfortunate victim of the drug kingpin’s excesses.

Enjoying Colombia’s Fluvial Route 66

27 Tuesday Mar 2012

Posted by Richard in Journalism, Journeys

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barrancabermeja, Barranquilla, colombia, Honda, jack kerouac, magdalena river, Neiva, official blogger, official blogger for Colombia, official bloggers, On the Road, river magdalena, Route 66, San Agustin, South America, Tatcoa, travel, travelling on the Magdalena River, yuma

Gushing, unstoppable and intrinsically linked to the creation of this country, the Rio Magdalena, Colombia’s most famous river essentially divides the country in half and makes for a varied itinerary along a course cut through its Andean spine. I guess if I could I would pen my fluvial inspired version and compilation of stories in homage to Kerouac’s “On the Road”. 

Why the Kerouac reference? Well, I consider the Magdalena River to be the Route 66 of Colombian rivers, passing through vast swathes of this country’s territory, the source of legends, a historical backdrop to everything that has taken place here, an environmental Geiger, and witness to the changing landscapes in as many as 11 Colombian departments. For the visitor who is like me interested in learning about Colombia’s history and geography, I strongly recommend studying the Magdalena River as 80 per cent of all of Colombia’s population live within reach of her.

Yuma

The pre-Columbian civilizations that inhabited the regions of the Magdalena Medio, roughly around the area that is now Barrancabermeja, referred to the river as “Yuma”. Obviously the Spanish conquistadores saw this river as a major connection from them from North to South on the continent and it was then named after Mary Magdalene. This would then become Colombia’s highway from the colonial period until into the early 20th century. The liberator of northern South America, Simon Bolivar would pass through the town of Mompós on many occasions as an obligatory stop on the Magdalena highway as he led his troops to victory in Boyacá and Caracas.

The Source

San Agustin really represents a vast area of terrain that is essentially a massive pre-Columbian burial ground. Most tours that take in the archeological parks in San Agustin to see the pre-Columbian anthropomorphic statues also take in the source of the Magdalena River. Here, where an effigy of the Virgin Mary has been placed, it is considered to be good luck to jump from one side of the river to the other. It is possible, but rest assured, some have perished.

the shaman and his two minders

Verdant to Desert

While Neiva and the Tatacoa desert are located in Huila, the same department as San Agustin, the geography couldn’t change more. From lush verdant rolling hills, Neiva is a hot lowland city that ushers in the Tatacoa desert near to the town of Villavieja. An ideal spot for star gazing, bird-watching and desert hikes.

Tierra Caliente near to Bogota

Located reasonably close to Bogota, Girardot and Melgar were formerly where the well-healed Bogotano would head for some sun. Now, fallen on less lucrative times and in the advent of cheaper air fares, these two destinations have become less attractive. Whitewater rafting and other pursuits are available.

City of Bridges

Colonial Honda is a remnant of a time past and is undergoing some much need restorations. For history buffs this city is an exciting point as this is the last navigable point on the Magdalena River as if flows from here some 950 miles north. In addition to the colonial and republican architecture there is also the Festival of the Subienda worth looking out for. Be sure to visit the Museo del Rio.

Oil

Colombia’s oil refinery, Barrancabermeja is an important hub along the river and an important source of commerce. From here you can catch boats known as chalupas from the Muelle El Yuma that will take you the five and a half hours to El Banco, Magadalena. I readily take advantage of this stretch on the river that offers a respite from endless bus journeys over poor roads. While on the subject of El Banco, the town isn’t much to look at but the Cumbia festival in June is considered a major event.

Tierra de Dios

Just an hour and a half by road from El Banco is one of Colombia’s best preserved most forgotten colonial towns. Recognized by UNESCO, Mompós is a must see destination for anyone remotely interested in the writings of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and the history of the independence of Colombia. Now a backwater offering fine silver jewelry and ecotourism Mompós’ colonial streets are most inviting.

Carnaval!

Barranquilla is the industrial powerhouse on the Caribbean coast, best known for its Carnaval celebrations. It is here, at the Bocas de Ceniza that the Magdalena reaches its estuary on the Caribbean ocean finishing her journey and passing through an unimaginable quantity of Colombian territory all the while defining her.

And so, I invite you to take a look at the map of Colombia and not only enjoy the varied geography and landscapes, but, like Kerouac crossing the United States, take in the change in attitudes and let it all roll by.

“And then we’ll all go off to sweet life, ‘cause now is the time and we all know time!”
― Jack Kerouac, On the Road

 

Enjoying Colombia’s Fluvial Route 66

 (This post first appeared as my third installment for the Colombia.Travel bloggers initiative seen here)

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